Research from McMaster University shows the Ontario retirement homes impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic are those with more residents, those connected to a nursing home, owned by large corporations or offering many on-site services.
They are also those in communities where COVID-19 cases are increasing.
Retirement homes are residential complexes for seniors offering a range of personal and medical care services, such as meals, bathing and medication management, that are less intensive than services offered at nursing homes which typically have more frail residents. In Ontario there are 770 retirement homes with almost 56,500 residents.
“Retirement homes have been lumped in with nursing homes, but there are true differences with how they’re doing with the pandemic,” said study lead Andrew Costa, associate professor of the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact at McMaster.
His team found that between March 1 and Sept 24, 2020, 92 per cent of resident and staff infections occurred at 10 per cent of retirement homes. During that time there were 172 retirement home outbreaks involving 1,045, or 1.9 per cent, of residents and 548, or 1.5 per cent) of staff. Fifty-one retirement homes had one or more of the 215 resident deaths.
Read the full report in pre-print.
By mid-November, the deaths of retirement home residents were 287 or 8.2 per cent, of the 3,505 deaths in Ontario.
“Retirement homes with more than 100 residents had more than a five-fold increase in the risk of outbreak,” said Costa. “As visitors were severely restricted at that time, it’s probably the staff and care providers seeded the infection in the homes.”
He added that more research would be needed to identify why cases were higher in areas of ethno-culturally dense neighbourhoods, but it may relate partly to cultural patterns of filial piety.
The study could not account for changes made in infection prevention and control, such as personal protective equipment, COVID-19 testing or staff shortages, nor changing provincial policies during the seven-month survey.
The data for the study was obtained from the Retirement Homes Regulatory Authority and the Ontario Ministry of Health.
The research was funded by the Juravinski Research Institute, in partnership with the St. Joseph’s Healthcare Foundation, McMaster University and the Hamilton Health Sciences Foundation.